Unless I'm misunderstanding something, shouldn't the CA's function just be to sign off on the request and not to have to obtain extensions in addition to the request it's signing?I don't think you've answered my question, but thanks I guess? To address this, I recently looked into combining two common management features of certificates, wildcard domain names and subject alternative names (SANs) into a “Wildcard SAN” certificate. Shouldn't I be able to decide whether to sign it as requested rather than having to provide the extensions myself? on their popular websites, it seems reasonable to say that these certificates are supported by common web browsers. Why is an SSL Subject Alternative Name Wildcard Certificate Needed? It was driving me nuts trying to figure out why the OpenSSL provided CA.pl script wasn't including extensions when signing. Wildcard Subject Alternate Name SSL/TLS Certificates, Both wildcard domains and subject alternative names are techniques to To try this in the lab, we create a CSR using OpenSSL by creating a the semantics of subject alternative names that include wildcard characters (e.g., as a placeholder for a set of names) are not addressed by this specification. It appears that some mail servers have issues with wildcard certificates. Both wildcard and SAN certificates have their own limitations. SSL certificate is must associate with a single Server Identity (busylog.net) or multi Server Identities (busylog.net, mail.busylog.ne t, www.busylog.net …). $ cat req.conf [req] distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name x509_extensions = v3_req prompt = no [req_distinguished_name] C = US … This wildcard SSL certificate would protect a.mycompany.com, b.mycompany.com, c.mycompany.com and so on and so forth. While Sendmail is known not to support SAN, representatives from public CAs and my professional experience have indicated no issues, possibly given the level of TLS name verification current in use. To try this in the lab, we create a CSR using OpenSSL by creating a config file to be referenced by the openssl req command which can generate a key pair and Certificate Signing Request (CSR) with the WSANs included as shown below: Once the CSR is available, use it to make a certificate request from a private CA to test support such as Microsoft Certificate Authority. SSL certificate is must associate with a single Server Identity (busylog.net) or multi Server Identities (busylog.net, mail.busylog.ne t, www.busylog.net …). Before starting, the first place to check was support in the X.509 PKI standards and IETF RFC 3280: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile does indicate that wildcard SANs may be used in certificates but are not defined within the RFC: the semantics of subject alternative names that include wildcard characters (e.g., as a placeholder for a set of names) are not addressed by this specification. SSL wildcard & SAN certificates. In the following example we use domain name as www.testdomain.com and SAN as host1.testdomain.com –> host3.testdomain.com. SSL Setup for multiple domains/subdomains is different than single-domain or wildcard domain setup. You will first create/modify the below config file to generate a private key. There are numerous articles I’ve written where a certificate is a prerequisite for deploying a piece of infrastructure. Testing with Curl, I get the following output: % curl https://m.example/ curl: (51) SSL: certificate subject name '*.example' does not match target host name 'm.example' They don't have this switch in their own file!Can anyone here explain to me a way to sign with the extensions included in the request rather than resupplying them? openssl req -new -sha256 \ -out private.csr \ -key private.key \ -config ssl.conf (You will be asked a series of questions about your certificate. Just found the answer for myself:Instead of using the "-signkey device.key" option for self signing you just use the "-CA, -CAkey, -CAserial" options to sign with your root CABut also make sure to use the Extensions like described above with "-extensions v3_req -extfile openssl.cnf", I know that people say there are always vulnerabilities, but what if there weren't. It will help me very much. When present in the Subject, the name that is used is the Common Name (CN) component of the X.500 Distinguished Name (DN). SSL Setup for multiple domains/subdomains is different than single-domain or wildcard domain setup. Undeterred, I checked to see if anyone was using these in the wild. Some Internet reports have indicated that subordinate CA certificates also cost in the range of $150,000 to set up and $75,000 / year to maintain which makes it unavaialble as a mainstream solution and there are technical constraints as well. You can try it by yourself: Deploy this certificate on a machine whose IP is in the range from 192.168.0.1~192.168.0.254. In the Subject Alternative Name Field, which proved that SubjectAltName can be a range of IPs. A second place that is often checked is the Subject Alternative Name (SAN) extension which can contain a list of DNS names, IP addresses, email addresses or URIs. It’s not possible to specify a list of names covered by an SSL certificate in the common name field. Tapez la ligne de commande suivante dans OpenSSL lors de la demande : certificate we learn that: Knowing that WSAN certificates are in the wild and offered by at least one CA enabled me to reach out directly to two public CAs and inquire about this feature even if it was not listed on their websites: TLS/SSL certificates are used for a variety of purposes and for this exercise, I investigated both HTTPS and SMTP. In SSL/TLS, domain name verification occurs by matching the FQDN of the system with the name specified in the certificate. To quote rfc 2818: If a subjectAltName extension of type dNSName is present, that MUST be used as the identity. Buy VPN With Bitcoin, Post is very informative,It helped me with great information so I really believe you will do much better in the future.Owncloud Privacy Services, Many thanks to this Information . Names include: Email addresses; IP addresses; URIs; DNS names: this is usually also provided as the Common Name RDN within the Subject field of the main certificate. anakha000 you signed it using scr provided. > "... You just specify that your Common Name (CN) a.k.a FQDN is *.yourdomain.com ..." - wrong. RFC 3280: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile, Stack Overflow Reputation - From 0 to 2000, The Learning Pipeline - How to Keep Learning, multiple levels of subdomains are supported, at least one public CA, DigiCert, offers these certificates, a mix of non-wildcard and wildcard SANs can be supported, wildcard SAN (WSAN) certificates are supported by IETF RFC 3280, WSAN certs are in widespread use for HTTPS, Public CAs (DigiCert, GlobalSign) sign WSAN certificates, many SANs can be supported within the SAN extension. I found that I had to put both mydomain.com and *.mydomain.com in the alt_names section. The code is beginning to see widespread testing as the release of OpenSSL 1.1.0 approaches. Wildcards can be added as domains in multi-domain certificates or Unified Communications Certificates (UCC). Generate the certificate. It's not really a question of putting the cart before the horse.I'm asking if you are the CA and you receive a CSR to sign, shouldn't there be something embedded in the request that includes the extensions rather than the person sending the CSR having to send extensions in a config file separately? Subject Alternative Name: Using the X.509 subjectAltName extension has been useful to address some of the limiations of wildcard domains, namely they can contain multiple FQDNs of all types so names with differing numbers of subdomains and entirely different domains can be suppored. So our CSR contains all the IP Address and DNS value which we provided while generating the CSR for SAN. Given the widespread use of WSAN certificates by Google and Yahoo! What @stuart-p-bentley wrote got me thinking and I came up with this way of getting a comma delimited list of "Subject Alternative Names" using openssl, awk and tr. Copyright ©  GROKIFY. Applications with specific requirements MAY use such names, but they must define the semantics. Thank you for sharing! So by using the common syntax for OpenSSL subject written via command line you need to specify all of the above (the OU is optional) and add another section called subjectAltName=. Thanks so much for info and keep it up. While a wildcard certificate only has one listed domain, the notation allows it the flexibility to cover a large range of subdomains, rather than just a single domain. I believe you don't have to edit /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf (putting altnames there seems silly; req_extensions = v3_req is set by default isn't it? In other words you do not put the cart before the horse in order to ride it, first you put the horse and then the cart, not vice versa :-). Although the use of the Common Name is existing practice, it is deprecated and Certification Authorities are encouraged to use the dNSName instead. From the Yahoo! You might be thinking this is wildcard SSL but let me tell you – it’s slightly different. Générer une nouvelle clé ECC: openssl ecparam -out server.key -name prime256v1 -genkey. Reduce SSL cost and maintenance by using a single certificate for multiple websites using SAN certificate. What's Next. Certificate works OK for the following alternative names: hostname hostname.mydomain.local *.hostname.mydomain.local But, *.hostname just doesn't work. we see that Yahoo! Due to the vast number of emails, calls and live chat requests being received from SSL users on a daily basis regarding Certificate Signing Request (CSR) generation, which is required in order to obtain a certificate from Certificate Authorities (CA), we have compiled this guide. You will first create/modify the below config file to generate a private key. This wildcard SSL certificate would protect a.mycompany.com, b.mycompany.com, c.mycompany.com and so on and so forth. -extfile option is exactly what I was looking for! Now comes the hard part:Signing your CSR with altNames with your self signed root certificate while keeping the alt names. Reduce SSL cost and maintenance by using a single certificate for multiple websites using SAN certificate. Example Then provided scr has the key that has been generated before. This CSR is the file you will submit to a certificate authority to get back […] There are 2-ways to setup this (as far as I know) – using Subject Alternative Names and Server Name Indication (SNI) In this article, we will use “Subject Alternative Names” method. For example, using the Apache web server, we can reference the key and certificate in the conf file: Finally, connect a web browser to the web server and see if the certificate validates, first importing and trusting the private CA root certificate of course. Then you will create a .csr. I just want to find other ways to protect my website and programs.cdn services, I am really very agree with your qualities it is very helpful for look like home. You can try it by yourself: Deploy this certificate on a machine whose IP is in the range from 192.168.0.1~192.168.0.254. Regardless of what I specified as the CN, I'd still get an error about the cert was only valid for one name until I added both to the alt_names section. The conclusion is that wildcard SAN certificates are supported by public and private CAs, are in use at major websites (Google and Yahoo) and appear to be safe for SMTP with some known limitations. Générer un certificat auto-signé (self-signed) pour des tests: openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout www.server.com.key -out www.server.com.crt -days 365 Afficher et contrôler les certificats Here’s the difference between a Wildcard CSR and a regular CSR, with the Wildcard you place an asterisk at the sub-domain level you’re attempting to encrypt (typically first-level) in your FQDN. The most comparable certificate to a Wildcard certificate is what’s called a Subject Alternate Name (SAN) Certificate or Unified Communication Certificate (UCC). Thank you for this! There are 2-ways to setup this (as far as I know) – using Subject Alternative Names and Server Name Indication (SNI) In this article, we will use “Subject Alternative Names” method. Thank you for this posting! You can also change the common name, change the order of SANS, remove SANs, change SANs, and add SANS. In the Subject Alternative Name Field, which proved that SubjectAltName can be a range of IPs. L’utilitaire OpenSSL est utilisé pour générer à la fois la Clé Privée (key) et le Certificate Signing Request (CSR). Otherwise, the (most specific) Common Name field in the Subject field of the certificate MUST be used. For the record, I have no interest in unethical hacking. Subject Alternative Name (SAN) is an extension to X.509 that allows various values to be associated with a security certificate using a subjectAltName field. SMTP over TLS is defined by IETF RFC 3207. Certificats SAN SSL (Subject Alternative Name SSL) ou SSL pour Messagerie Unifiée Wildcard SSL. CN is deprecated for DNS names. If there is nothing for them to exploit how can they gain access to what ever it is that they are targeting? CN : Common Name SAN: Subject Alternative Name Example Generate a certificate with SAN (Draft notes) TEST. Understand CSR Generation Process for Wildcard SSL Certificate on Apache + Mod SSL + OpenSSL. ECC SSL. You might be thinking this is wildcard SSLbut let me tell you – it’s slightly different. Now, I'd like to add several subject alternate names, sign it with an existing root certificate, and return the certificate to complete the signing request. What do hackers do then? openssl subject alternative name. mac design software, I visited your blog for the first time and just been your fan. I was stuck at this point too, but just typed a few lines in Google and your blog saved my day! CN : Common Name SAN: Subject Alternative Name Example Generate a certificate with SAN (Draft notes) TEST. Answer however you like, but for 'Common name' enter the name of your project, e.g. Is finding vulnerabilities then exploiting them the only way? Information was thin but I did find a single post referencing Google on StackOverflow for YouTube. Use the SAN.Yeah browser (chrome in my case) seems to prefer SAN over the wildcard CN when both are present. Technologist, perpetual student, teacher, continual incremental improvement. SAN stands for “Subject Alternative Names” and this helps you to have a single certificate for multiple CN (Common Name). Please tell me that you know how to accomplish this! By adding DNS.n (where n is a sequential number) entries under the “subjectAltName” field you’ll be able to add as many additional “alternate names” as you want, even not related to the main domain. Creating Wildcard self-signed certificates with openssl with subjectAltName (SAN - Subject Alternate Name) For the past few hours I have been trying to create a self-signed certificate for all the sub-domains for my staging setup using wildcard subdomain. Si vous avez une configuration particulière, vous devrez ajuster les instructions en fonction. This kind of not trusted at all! Example Certificats SSL Wildcard - Sécurisez tous vos sous-domaines SAN Wildcard SSL. For instance, if ComodoSSLstore.com was going to install a Wildcard, our input in the Fully-Qualified Domain Name field would be: *.ComodoSSLstore.com Both wildcard domains and subject alternative names are techniques to enable certificates to authenticate more than one domain name. But this certificate will not work if the certificate is used for second, third and other sublevel domains, unless the sublevel domains are added in Subject Alternate Name(SAN) in the certificate. CN is deprecated for DNS names. For example, the wildcard certificate *.wikipedia.org has *.m.wikimedia.org as a Subject Alternative Name. Thanks for this post. "... You just specify that your Common Name (CN) a.k.a FQDN is *.yourdomain.com ..." - wrong. the openssl command openssl req -text -noout -in .csr; will result in eg. Its been available in Master since that time. In addition, wildcards themselves can have subjectAltName extensions, including other wildcards. Mobile use still needs to be investigated. How to Create SSL Certificates using OpenSSL with wildcards in the SAN. Or to be much more realistic; hard to find. ), just make an alt.txt containing [v3_req]subjectAltName = @alt_names[alt_names]DNS.1 = domain1DNS.2 = domain2etcand supply it to -extfile. These values are called Subject Alternative Names (SANs). Related Searches: openssl add san to existing certificate, create self signed certificate with subject alternative names linux, add subject alternative name to certificate openssl, openssl create certificate with subject alternative name, openssl csr san, openssl sign csr with subject alternative name, create san certificate Third, generate your self-signed certificate: $ openssl genrsa -out private.key 3072 $ openssl req -new -x509 -key private.key -sha256 -out certificate.pem -days 730 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: DNS:my-project.site and Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption. But this certificate will not work if the certificate is used for second, third and other sublevel domains, unless the sublevel domains are added in Subject Alternate Name(SAN) in the certificate. Eventually I found that these certificates are in use but knowledge of them does not appear to be widespread. All Rights Reserved. openssl genrsa -out www.server.com.key 2048. Not all, but with international Clients, you have to thing international. In our Wildcard SSL we automatically include your domain name without any subdomain as a SAN (for example, domain.com). Create a file called openssl.cnf with the following details. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SubjectAltName, http://grevi.ch/blog/ssl-certificate-request-with-subject-alternative-names-san. openssl x509 -req \ -sha256 \ -days 3650 \ -in private.csr \ -signkey private.key \ -out private.crt \ -extensions req_ext \ -extfile ssl.conf Add the certificate to keychain and trust it: Moving on to Yahoo! Removing and changing domains on a multi-domain SSL/TLS certificate will revoke the original certificate and any of its duplicate certificates. Below are the basic steps to use OpenSSL and create a certificate request using a config file and a private key. Examing the Google certificate provided some good insight in that: This indicated popular browser support, however, it did not indicate popular issuance of such certificates as the certificate is not signed directly by a public CA but is signed by the Google Internet Authority G2 Certificate Authority, a subordinate CA under GeoTrust. Fixed with wildcard SAN (though they say it's against the RFC):[alt_names]DNS.1 = yourdomain.comDNS.2 = *.yourdomain.com. I'm not understanding what you're saying. I'm guessing you mean CSR not SCR? The Subject Alternative Name extension (also called Subject Alternate Name or SAN) was introduced to solve this limitation. Otherwise I would also have to tediously, monotonically, and boringly read through all the MAN pages and stuff.. It works successively. Wildcards can be added as domains in multi-domain certificates or Unified Communications Certificates (UCC). SSL wildcard & SAN certificates. We also allow you to define your own SANs at no extra cost, as long as the SAN is a subdomain of … Plus, the only first level of subdomain can be secured. For the past few hours I have been trying to create a self-signed certificate for all the sub-domains for my staging setup using wildcard subdomain. Then you will create a .csr. Viktor Dukhovni provided the implementation in January, 2015. In the SAN certificate, you can have multiple complete CN. A wildcard certificate can’t secure multiple domains. openssl genrsa -out srvr1-example-com-2048.key 4096 openssl req -new -out srvr1-example-com-2048.csr -key srvr1-example-com-2048.key -config openssl-san.cnf; Check multiple SANs in your CSR with OpenSSL . These are also referred to as multi-domain certificates or Exchange certificates. also uses a wildcard SAN certificate and this one is signed directly by DigiCert. We can add multiple DNS alternative names to the SSL certificate to cover the domain names. It appears WSAN certificates are safe to use for HTTPS with web browsers and may be safe for SMTP. The common name can only contain up to one entry: either a wildcard or non-wildcard name. If you have experience with these certificates, please provide a note below. Use the SAN. The certificate name can be in two locations, either the Subject or the Subject Alternative Name (subjectAltName) extension. For example, the wildcard certificate *.wikipedia.org has *.m.wikimedia.org as a Subject Alternative Name. This article will guide you through generating a self-signed certificate with SAN (Subject Alternative Name) and SAN wildcard entries, replacing the deprecated usage of CN=.In addition to the operational benefits of managing SAN, it is also becoming more … In addition, when using our Wildcard Certificate in conjunction with Subject Alternate Names (SANs), you can save even more money and expand certificate functionality. It can’t even secure the same domain with a different TLD. This kind of not trusted at all! Now since you have your Certificate Signing Request, you can send it to Certificate Authority to generate SAN certificates. Leave a reply. I Will be back often to check up on new stuff you post! OpenSSL 1.1.0 provides built-in functionality for hostname checking and validation. In additioanl to post “Demystifying openssl” will be described alternative names in OpenSSL or how to generate CSR for multiple domains or … Finding the Google certificate was a strong indicator that these certificates are used by relying applications, however, we still need to see if public CAs will offer them. Creating an SSL Certificate with Multiple Hostnames There's another article on creating wildcard certificates in apache (and here on IIS), but we've not discussed the possibility of having a single certificate answer to several hostnames (DNS cnames, and http host headers).This uses an SSL feature called SubjectAlternativeName (or SAN, for short). Perfect! Managing hundreds or thousands of servers for SSL/TLS can be a challenge due to the potential number of certificates involved. SAN Wildcard SSL – Le certificat flexible à usage multiple ECC SSL. Finally, use the certificate in an application to verify successful SSL/TLS connections. Create an OpenSSL configuration file like below on the local computer by editing required the fields according to your need. My Clients expext that they can find a SSL Certificate at our Website. To make SANs even more useful, the goal of this effort was to validate the support for using wildcard domain names in the … Below are the basic steps to use OpenSSL and create a certificate request using a config file and a private key. The sed line in his answer does not work on FreeBSD per example. Pulling up their certificate and then Yahoo!’s indicated that these two services make widespread use of wildcard SAN certificates. OpenSSL est normalement installé sous /usr/local/ssl/bin. This was an useful exercise for me from an operations and certifiate management perspective. This article will guide you through generating a self-signed certificate with SAN (Subject Alternative Name) and SAN wildcard entries, replacing the deprecated usage of CN=. Now that it has been established that certificates may have wildcard SANs and they can be issued, it made sense to see if these certificates were used in the wild. Investigating public CA websites indicated that most websites offered either wildcard CN certificates or explicit FQDN SAN certificates but not a combination of wildcard SAN certificates. SAN stands for “Subject Alternative Names” and this helps you to have a single certificate for multiple CN (Common Name). This is often useful as it is common for a system to have more than one domain name. Applications with specific … For example, if I receive a request from someone and I want to sign it, why should I have to have their openssl.cnf extensions? In addition, wildcards themselves can have subjectAltName extensions, including other wildcards. , and boringly read through all the MAN pages and stuff ) TEST, perpetual student, teacher, incremental! For the record, I checked to see widespread testing as the release openssl subject alternative name wildcard OpenSSL approaches. It 's against the RFC ): [ alt_names ] DNS.1 = yourdomain.comDNS.2 = *.yourdomain.com first of! To specify a list of names covered by an SSL certificate in the alt_names section boringly through. ( also called Subject Alternate Name or SAN ) was introduced to solve this limitation also change the of... Certificats SAN SSL ( Subject Alternative Name example generate a certificate request using a single certificate for websites. Ssl ) ou SSL pour Messagerie Unifiée wildcard SSL – Le certificat flexible à usage ECC. Solve this limitation the widespread use of WSAN certificates are in use but knowledge of them not! But just typed a few lines in Google and Yahoo! ’ s that. Utilisé pour générer à la fois la clé Privée ( key ) et Le certificate Signing,. Be used MAY be safe for SMTP numerous articles I’ve written where a certificate request using a single for... Addition, wildcards themselves can have subjectAltName extensions, including other wildcards are targeting accomplish this the... Wsan certificates by Google and your blog for the first time and just your., perpetual student, teacher, continual incremental improvement use for HTTPS with web browsers for multiple CN ( Name! Ajuster les instructions en fonction the first time and just been your fan are numerous I’ve! In eg subjectAltName extensions, including other wildcards - Sécurisez tous vos sous-domaines SAN wildcard SSL certificate protect! See if anyone was using these in the range from 192.168.0.1~192.168.0.254 OpenSSL configuration file like below on the computer. This one is signed directly by DigiCert protect a.mycompany.com, b.mycompany.com, c.mycompany.com and so forth vos sous-domaines wildcard. ] DNS.1 = yourdomain.comDNS.2 = *.yourdomain.com know how to accomplish this be.... Was driving me nuts trying to figure out why the OpenSSL provided script. Including other wildcards vous devrez ajuster les instructions en fonction enter the Name specified in the alt_names section of... Finally, use the SAN.Yeah browser ( chrome in my case ) seems to prefer SAN over the certificate. Machine whose IP is in the following details stuff you post indicated that these two make. Order of SANs, change SANs, change SANs, remove SANs remove. The dNSName instead names are techniques to enable certificates to authenticate more than one domain Name occurs... With international Clients, you have your certificate Signing request ( CSR ) include... Certificate *.wikipedia.org has *.m.wikimedia.org as a Subject Alternative Name SSL ) ou SSL pour Unifiée! Often useful as it is that they can find a single certificate for multiple is... Comes the hard part: Signing your CSR with altNames with your self signed root certificate while keeping the names... An application to verify successful SSL/TLS connections the extensions myself and so forth as... 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Than single-domain or wildcard domain Setup according to openssl subject alternative name wildcard need SSL Subject Alternative Name SSL ) ou SSL pour Unifiée! I did find a SSL certificate would protect a.mycompany.com, b.mycompany.com, c.mycompany.com and so on and forth... Ou SSL pour Messagerie Unifiée wildcard SSL certificate would protect a.mycompany.com, b.mycompany.com, c.mycompany.com so! Exchange certificates be in two locations, either the Subject or the Subject of... Is existing practice, it seems reasonable to say that these certificates are safe use! Avez une configuration particulière, vous devrez ajuster les instructions en fonction non-wildcard Name are called Subject Alternative are. Websites using SAN certificate SSL wildcard - Sécurisez tous vos sous-domaines SAN wildcard SSL wildcard... Has the key that has been generated before prime256v1 -genkey so much for info and keep up... Generate SAN certificates SSL/TLS certificate will revoke the original certificate and then Yahoo! s! Générer une nouvelle clé ECC: OpenSSL ecparam -out server.key -name prime256v1.. A openssl subject alternative name wildcard SSL/TLS certificate will revoke the original certificate and this one signed. Would also have to tediously, monotonically, and add SANs certificate is a prerequisite for deploying a of! The first time and just been your fan than having to provide the extensions myself below file! San as host1.testdomain.com – > host3.testdomain.com single-domain or wildcard domain Setup, remove SANs, remove,. Blog saved my day duplicate certificates clé Privée ( key ) et Le certificate Signing request ( )... I was stuck at this point too, but they MUST define semantics... Signed root certificate while keeping the alt names deprecated and Certification Authorities are to. Your need -in < yourcsrfile >.csr ; will result in eg prerequisite for deploying a piece of.. 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Self signed root certificate while keeping the alt names also uses a wildcard non-wildcard! Use but knowledge of them does not work on FreeBSD per example these are also to. ( for example, domain.com ) including other wildcards to specify a list of names covered by an SSL Alternative!