Its pH-raising effect is similar to that of ground limestone. From: Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Cementitious Construction Materials, 2018 Based on the testing data, an analytical model for predicting compressive strength of the CLSM from one to 56 days has been developed with high reliability [12]. Gong, L.-y. Granulated slag for civil engineering works is used for purposes including coastal protection backfill, earth covering for correcting soft ground, road subgrade, and embankments. Comparison of the maximum dynamic shear modulus of steel slag with traditional sands. The aim of this study the impact of slag material in geotechnical engineering and to stabilize properties of contaminated soils. Especially when the confining pressure reached 300 kPa, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was in the numerical range of those of Fujian standard sand. Addition of SS to the soil increased the dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content as well as increased the unconfined compressive strength. E-mail: © 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Engineering Properties of Silty Soil Stabilized with Lime and Rice Husk Ash and Reinforced with Waste Plastic Fiber, Stabilizing Dispersive Soil Using Brown Coal Fly Ash and Hydrated Lime, Geo-Chicago 2016: Sustainable Geoenvironmental Systems, Soil Stabilization Using Rice Husk Ash and Natural Lime as an Alternative to Cutting and Filling in Road Construction, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Influence of Lime on Alluvial Soil Strengthened with Pond Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Construction of Subgrade of Road, Addition of Lime and Fly Ash to Improve Highway Subgrade Soils, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001547, © 1996–2021, American Society of Civil Engineers. This research was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant no. (2)The greater the relative density of the steel slag was, the larger the dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The instrument can be used to study the dynamic properties of unbroken samples in a small shear strain range of 10−6∼10−4. The specific test parameters are shown in Table 2. 2016-JZ-020), and Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant no. Therefore, the steel slag was classified as the well-graded material. of Civil Engineering, Adama Science and Technology Univ., P.O. According to the basic principle of the resonant column, the equipment could test dynamic shear strain (γ), dynamic shear modulus (G), and damping ratio (λ) of soil by the method of torsion vibration. We evaluate the effect of adding slag to soil on its mechanical and reactive properties when compacted. Some of the steel slag from ironworks and dredged soils from marine and waterfront engineering work are partially treated as waste. The soaked California bearing ratio (CBR) test shows that the strength increases with increasing curing periods from 7 to 30 days. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China. Dynamic properties of steel slag improved with sand-tire shreds admixture had been studied [30]. Steel slag has similar characteristics to sand and has high compressive strength. As a result of growing environmental awareness, iron and steel slag is highly regarded as a recycled material that can reduce impacts on the environment due … The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. With the increase of the relative density and confining pressure, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag increased. Table 1 Properties of the used materials. Wang, H.-L. Liu, P.-M. Jiang, and X.-X. The dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag decreased with the increase of shear strain, and the damping ratio increased with the increase of shear strain. Steel slag pile was initially applied to composite foundation [3], which showed steel slag was superior to the traditional gravel pile foundation in technical, economic, and social benefits. The relationship between the reciprocal of the dynamic shear modulus (G−1) and the shear strain (γ) is linear according to the hyperbolic model of Hardin–Drnevich. We are committed to sharing findings related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible. • The comparison results when the confining pressure is, respectively, 100 kPa, 200 kPa, and 300 kPa are shown in Table 6. Patent: ZL20131 0186058. Used soil is a loessical silt from the center of Argentina which is … The relationship between the maximum dynamic shear modulus (Gmax) and different relative densities is shown in Figure 6 when the confining pressure was 200 kPa. Steel slags are used as coarse aggregates in the pavement bases and subbase, providing relatively high binding strength, as well as high frictional and abrasion resistance. Huang, H.-Y. The grain size distribution of the waste steel slag is shown in Figure 2. With the rapid development of society, there are more and more industrial solid wastes, which include some recycled resources such as waste steel slag. Slag “Slag is a by-product of steel making. The dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was far greater than Nanjing fine sand no matter what the confining pressure was and was similar to those of Fujian standard sand. The optimum mix is found to be in the proportion of 65C+20SS+5L+10RHA. • The CBR value of the steel slag aggregates is found to be 21.32% and 25.62% for soaked and unsoaked conditions, respectively. Especially, when the confining pressure was high and reached 300 kPa, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was in the range of those of Fujian standard sand. (4)The regression analysis of the normalized dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio was performed very well according to the Hardin–Drnevich model. The greater the relative density of the steel slag was, the larger the dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was. Testing results indicate that SSRS with the specific surface area of 4551 cm2/g can substitute for Portland cement up to 30% in production of excavated CLSM. The geotechnical properties, shearing strength characteristics, and dynamic properties of stabilized soil have been studied. With the increase of the relative density, the fitting curves of G/Gmax-γ moved upward, but also not obvious. The linear fitting equation is shown in equation (5). In the fitted hyperbolic model, the reference shear strain increased with the increase of confining pressure. Steel slag offers considerable cost advantages over commercial limestone and has been successfully utilized as a substitute for limestone to neutralize soil acidity in agricultural soils in several countries. After compaction, the strength index even reached concrete strength [4]. Wang, J. Li, and B.-h. Wang, “Displacement calculation method on front wall of covered sheet-pile wharf,”, Y. Chuancheng, C. Wenxia, and D. Haiyue, “Research on comparison of the maximum dynamic shear modulus test,”, L. Y. Wang, X. T. Cao, Q. Wang, and B. H. Wang, “Dynamic properties of steel slag improved with sand-tire shreds admixture,”. Iron and steel slag utilized for roads is manufactured by crushing and mechanically stabilizing blast furnace and steelmaking slag for use as paving material. The damping ratio at the confining pressure of 300 kPa and 30% relative density had a different tendency compared with others. This finding showed that the relative density had greater effect on the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag with low confining pressure than with high confining pressure. The overall variation tendency between the dynamic shear modulus and shear strain was basically the same under different relative densities and confining pressure. The pile of steel slag occupies a huge area of arable land, and causes environmental pollution; moreover, 7%-15% steel can be recycled from steel slag. Y. Huang, R. N. Bird, and O. Heidrich, “A review of the use of recycled solid waste materials in asphalt pavements,”, W.-T. Tsai, “Analysis of the sustainability of reusing industrial wastes as energy source in the industrial sector of Taiwan,”, T. Huang, X. Reference shear strains under different confining pressures. Furthermore, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of steel slag was similar to that of Fujian sand in the manuscript except for low confining pressure. The unconfined compressive test shows that strength of treated soil increases about 45 and 90% for uncured and cured samples at 30 days. Wang, and D.-C. (3)The maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag had a good linear relationship with the relative density of the steel slag. The G-γ curves of the steel slag accorded with hyperbolic characteristics. The expansive soil by mixing the steel slag of 10%∼20% was studied, and some conclusions were achieved that the steel slag could significantly reduce the expansion rate, liquid limit, and plastic index of expansive soil, and that the steel slag of 10%∼20% could improve particle distribution and strength characteristics of expansive soil [9]. The shear modulus and damping ratio of a backfill material are two essential indexes for the seismic performance analysis and safety performance evaluation of backfill materials [23–29]. Copyright © 2019 Liyan Wang et al. The maximum dynamic shear modulus was discussed, and the dynamic model of the steel slag was constructed by the Hardin–Drnevich model. The effect of quantity of steel slag on the mechanical properties of blended mixes with crushed limestone aggregate was evaluated, and a theoretical analysis was employed to estimate the resistance for failure factors such as vertical deformations, vertical and radial stresses, and vertical strains of subbase under overweight trucks loads [10]. Z. Liu, D. H. Zhu et al., “Experimental studies on dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio of recently deposited soils in Nanjing,”, G. Chen, Z. Zhou, T. Sun et al., “Shear modulus and damping ratio of sand–gravel mixtures over a wide strain range,”, X. The optimum mix is found to be in the proportion of 65 C + 20 SS + 5 L + 10 RHA. Slag is most effective used in field of agriculture to condition the soil.Slag is applied to most muck soils and associated sands that are to be planted to rice and sugarcane. On comparison, it is found to be a better material than both the stone aggregate and BF Slag. The dynamic shear modulus and the damping ratio of the steel slag in a large strain range (larger than 5.0 × 10−4) would be obtained by the dynamic triaxial test. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China, Associate Professor (Ph D), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. There is a need to investigate the availability of silicon in sources which are potentially available for those where response to Si is also being demonstrated, dry weight. The linear fitting effect was perfect between the reference shear strain and confining pressures. The geotechnical properties, shearing strength characteristics, and dynamic properties of stabilized soil have been studied. There are three typical hyperbolic models including Davidenkov model, Hardin–Drnevich model, and Ramberg–Osgood model that could describe soil dynamic properties very well. Steel slag is a byproduct of iron and steel production by the metallurgical industries. ), a steel slag, furnace slag, etc. Owing to its high Si content, the use of slag as silicate fertilizer is gaining demand. The reference shear strains under different confining pressure are listed in Table 5. To understand the shear resistance of the steel slag under dynamic loading, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was compared with those of Nanjing fine sand and Fujian standard sand. The results showed that the linear fitting effect was perfect between the reference shear strain and confining pressure: Considering the influence of confining pressures and combing equations (3) and (5), the Hardin–Drnevich model of the steel slag dynamic properties was established. The maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was far greater than Nanjing fine sand no matter what the confining pressure was. The aged waste steel slag in the test was produced by the Yonggang Company in Zhangjiagang, China, which is shown in Figure 1. ), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. The dynamic model is shown in the following equation: The test range of the steel slag shear strain in the resonant column equipment was in a range of 10−4∼10−6. Based on the dynamic shear modulus, damping ratio, and shear strain of the steel slag tested by the resonant column equipment, the regression analysis of the normalized dynamic shear modulus ratio (G/Gmax) and damping ratio was performed according to equations (3) and (4). The discarded steel slag is shown in Figure 1. The maximum dynamic shear modulus (Gmax) could be obtained from the fitted lines of G−1 and γ. It also contains phosphorous, calcium, ash, remnants of flux materials such as limestone, and remainders of chemical reactions between the metal and the furnace lining. The linear fitting effect was perfect between the reference shear strain and confining pressures. The possible reason is that the water content of steel slag was high for loose steel slag with the relative density of 30%, and the pore water viscosity was greater than that of the pore water in dense steel slag under the dynamic loads especially when the shear strain was in the range of 10−5 and 10−4 for high confining pressure. GZ1∼GZ3, respectively, represent the test sample with the relative density of 30%, 50%, and 70%. When the shear strain was small and in the range of 1 × 10−6 < γ < 1 × 10−5, the damping ratio of the steel slag increased with the increase of shear strain, but the increase in magnitude was small. In the sample test, the relative density of steel slag was selected for 30%, 50%, and 70%, respectively, because steel slag is applied as a kind of the shallow-layer backfill material. According to our research, the permeability coefficient is in the range of 10−3∼10−2. The reason was that the increase of confining pressure made the internal pore volume of the steel slag narrow and the bite forces between steel slag particles increase, and the shear deformation resistance of the steel slag was enhanced. Therefore, the steel slag has good dynamic shear resistance and had potential to become a substitute for sand in the practical geotechnical engineering in the future. According to the above literature review, at present, the dynamic shear resistance characteristics of waste steel slag as a geo-backfill material have not been studied. It is made by the separation of the molten steel from impurities while the steel is melted in a large furnace. Samples were prepared according to the standard for the soil test method. This paper provides experimental insights on the modification of a soil using electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag, which is limitedly used as a construction material because of its volumetric instability. If waste steel slag could not be utilized effectively, it will result in a large number of dumping, the occupation of farmland, and pollution of the environment. X. M. Yuan and J. Dynamic Shear Properties of Recycled Waste Steel Slag Used as a Geo-Backfill Material, Professor (Ph D), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. The maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag had a good linear relationship with the relative density of the steel slag. Stainless steel reducing slag (SSRS) in production of the soil-based controlled low-strength material (CLSM) was used as a cement substitute. The water content of steel slag is low, and the permeability of the steel slag is good. The rest of waste, which Waste steel slag is a recycled industrial solid waste and is sometimes used as backfills, but the dynamic shear properties of waste steel slag have not been researched at present. When the relative density of the steel slag was 70%, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was the maximum. Laboratory strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests have been carried out under undrained conditions to study the dynamic properties of stabilized soil for different strain amplitudes and frequencies. • Steel slag cannot be used in confined applications such as in concrete, pipe or structure backfill due to the potential for expansion. Common components of slag include the oxides of silicon, aluminum, and magnesium, as well as sulfur, which is always present. However, a mixture of these two kinds of waste has the potential to be used as construction materials when mixed, due to chemical reactions forming secondary phases. The waste slag was applied into the underground deep wall method [13]. For example, GZ1 was compared to GZ3; when the confining pressure was 100 kPa, Gmax increased from 108 MPa to 162 MPa and increased approximately by 50%; when the confining pressure was 300 kPa, Gmax increased from 235 MPa to 280 MPa and only increased by 19.5%. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. Steel slag, used as soil acidity corrective material, increased the contents of Ca, Mg, P, and Si in the soybean leaves and Ca, Mg, and Si in maize and also provided increased shoot dry matter yield and grain yield of both cultures under no-tillage system; compared to limestone, steel slag was more effective in improving maize grain yield [ 27 ]. Annually, 21 million tons of steel slag (SS) is produced in the United States. Most of SS is landfilled, which represents a significant economic loss and a waste of valuable land space. The uses of byproducts such as blastfurnace slag and steel slag [electric arc furnace slag and basic oxygen steel (BOS) slag, and ground granulated blastfurnace slag] have long been established in a number of applications in the civil engineering industry. After the slag is collected from the separation process it is then cooled using different processes depending on the final size of the product. Especially when the confining pressure reached 300 kPa, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was in the numerical range of those of Fujian standard sand. Commonly murrum soil has been used for construction of all categories of roads in our country. The test equipment used in this paper is a GZZ-50-type resonant column instrument, which is shown in Figure 3. The efforts have been made in Tata steel that LD slag after grinding to 300 mesh, can be used as a soil conditioner in paddy field, tea gardens etc (Basu et al., 2002). For the steel slag, the experimental parameters are less and the dynamic shear properties could be described by the Hardin–Drnevich model. In addition to these three components, it also contains components such as FeO, MnO, and P2O5, so it has been used for a broad range of agricultural purposes. The overall trend lines of G-γ were upward with the increase of the relative density and confining pressure. SMS Slag has already been successfully used as road making aggregate in SAIL Steel Plants like BSP, BSL and RSP in place of stone chips. When the shear strain was small and in the range of 1 × 10−6 < γ < 1 × 10−5, the dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag decreased with the increase of the shear strain of the steel slag, but the magnitude of the decrease was small. The content of Fe2O3 in the waste steel slag sample is very low. The greater the confining pressure was, the larger the dynamic shear modulus was. Z. Ling, F. Zhang, Q. L. Li, L. S. An, and J. H. Wang, “Dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of frozen compacted sand subjected to freeze-thaw cycle under multi-stage cyclic loading,”, P. H. H. Giang, P. O. V. Impe, W. F. V. Impe, P. Menge, and W. Haegeman, “Small-strain shear modulus of calcareous sand and its dependence on particle characteristics and gradation,”, K. Senetakis, A. Anastasiadis, and K. Pitilakis, “Dynamic properties of dry sand/rubber (SRM) and gravel/rubber (GRM) mixtures in a wide range of shearing strain amplitudes,”, W. Zhou, Y. Chen, G. Ma, L. Yang, and X. Chang, “A modified dynamic shear modulus model for rockfill materials under a wide range of shear strain amplitudes,”, H. Zhuang, R. Wang, G. Chen, Y. Miao, and K. Zhao, “Shear modulus reduction of saturated sand under large liquefaction-induced deformation in cyclic torsional shear tests,”, L.-Y. Main influence factors of the expansion and powder of steel slag included maximum particle size, porosity, and free calcium oxide content [5] Steel slag was mixed into graded crushed stone subbase to make the foundation form a good early strength and higher shear resistance [6]. This steel slag is screened to an appropriate size to be used by Muscatine County as substitute for Class A Road Rock. Therefore, the steel slag in a dense state would have better seismic shear resistance when the steel slag is applied into shallow foundation improvement. L. Y. Wang, B. T. Huang, and P. Gao, “A new geo-material consisting of industrial wastes and its preparation and application,” 2013, China, No. Various percentages of pulverized steel The reference shear strain could be improved by increasing the relative density and confining pressure. 4) Adsorption, based on the fact that almost all heavy metal ions can be fixed and adsorbed by clay mineral (bentonite, zeolite, etc. Assistant Professor, Dept. The control density and the loading density of the test samples are also shown in Table 2. The maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag increased with the increase of the relative density of steel slag. Relationship between the maximum dynamic shear modulus and relative density (. The test sample and loading process in the resonant column apparatus are shown in Figure 4. The reference shear strain could be improved by increasing the relative density and confining pressure. This study discussed the suitability of stabilized material for subgrade pavement. Bioremediation approaches assist in the removal of heavy metals in the soil. LD steel slag as fertilizer in agriculture. Basic slag (CaSiO3) is produced through the open-hearth method of steelmaking and is used to amend highly acidic soil. The materials used for pavement construction was coarse aggregate, soil and bitumen. The greater the relative density of the steel slag is, the larger the dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag is, and the overall relationships between dynamic shear modulus and shear strain were upward with the increase of the relative density of the steel slag. However, the shear strain increased beyond 1 × 10−5, the dynamic shear modulus decreased rapidly with the increase of shear strain, and the decrease magnitude was great. Roads have been constructed inside the plant for heavy duty purposes exclusively with SMS slag. The reason for this phenomenon was that the steel slag was in an elastic state when the shear strain was small and the dynamic energy loss was relatively smaller. Figure 13 is the comparison of the maximum dynamic shear modulus for three materials. STABILIZATION OF SOILS WITH STEEL SLAG AND CEMENT FOR APPLICATION IN RURAL AND LOW TRAFFIC ROADS The goal of this study was to increase the bearing capacity of cement stabilized soil system by addition of furnace steel slag, which will also result in a … Muscatine County officials estimate that approximately 350 lineal miles of county roads throughout the county have slag applied to their surface. We will be providing unlimited waivers of publication charges for accepted research articles as well as case reports and case series related to COVID-19. The relative density of the steel slag had little effect on the damping ratio of the steel slag. It is the second largest waste in metallurgical industry. Figure 10 showed that, with the increase of the confining pressure, the fitting curves of G/Gmax-γ moved upward and the fitting curves of λ-γ moved downward, but not obvious. of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering Division, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India (corresponding author). E-mail: Associate Professor, Dept. Liyan Wang, Jiatao Yan, Qi Wang, Binghui Wang, Wenxue Gong, "Dynamic Shear Properties of Recycled Waste Steel Slag Used as a Geo-Backfill Material", Shock and Vibration, vol. Fitted curves between reference shear strain and confining pressure. ), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. (5)The dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was far greater than Nanjing fine sand no matter what the confining pressure was and was similar to those of Fujian standard sand. The comparisons of the dynamic shear properties of the steel slag with those of Nanjing fine sand and Fujian standard sand showed that the steel slag had similar dynamic shear resistance to Fujian standard sand and had potential to become a substitute for sand in the practical geotechnical engineering in the future. The basic requirements of using steel slag as a geotechnical engineering material are that the steel slag must be aged, the rate of powdering shall be lower than 5%, some proper grading shall be adopted, and the diameter of the largest particle shall be small than 5 mm. Sun, “Model of maximum dynamic shear modulus of sand under anisotropic consolidation and revision of Hardin’s formula,”, B. H. Wang, G. X. Chen, and Q. X. Hu, “Experiment of dynamic shear modulus and damping of Nanjing fine sand,”. When the shear strain increased beyond 1 × 10−5, the damping ratio of the steel slag increased rapidly with the increase of shear strain. In the resonance column test, the main influence factors of the dynamic shear behavior of steel slag include relative density (Dr) and confining pressure (σ). With the increase of the relative density and confining pressure, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag increased. The relationships between the dynamic shear modulus (G) and the shear strain (γ) of the steel slag with different relative densities are shown in Figure 5 when the confining pressures (σ) were, respectively, 100 kPa, 200 kPa, and 300 kPa. To understand the dynamic shear properties of waste steel slag, the resonance column tests were carried out to investigate the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of the steel slag considering the effect of the relative density of steel slag and confining pressure. The maximum dynamic shear modulus data of Nanjing fine sand when the confining pressure was 300 kPa were lacking [33]. Mixed sand with steel slag formed mixed soil material and could effectively improve the bearing capacity of foundation and reduce the settlement of foundation [7]. Steel LD slag can also be used in fertilizers for agricultural applications (Das et al., 2007). AIMS AND BACKGROUND In Serbia, only in manufacturing plants of the steel mill Smederevo, over 1 150 000 t of industrial waste generate each year. SJCX17_0609). The relationships between the dynamic shear modulus and the shear strain of the steel slag with different confining pressures are shown in Figure 8 when the relative densities of the steel slag were, respectively, 30%, 50%, and 70%. 2019, Article ID 6410362, 11 pages, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6410362, 1Professor (Ph D), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. • The crushing value of the steel slag aggregate is found to be 5.20%. The maximum dry density and the minimum dry density of the steel slag were, respectively, 2.58 g/cm3 and 1.96 g/cm3. So these steel slag aggregates can be used to replace natural aggregates. The relationship between the control density and the relative density can be expressed as follows:where Dr, ρmax, ρmin, and ρd represent the relative density, the maximum dry density, the minimum dry density, and the control density, respectively. Of slag material in geotechnical Engineering Division, IIT Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India ( corresponding ). Calculated using the following equation: where represents the water content is 6 % is in! Had a different tendency compared with others in many fields where its characteristics!, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, no all categories of roads in our country into. Dry density of the steel slag was constructed by the metallurgical industries slag with different relative densities a! Crushing and mechanically stabilizing blast furnace and steelmaking slag for use in subgrade.. Reacted with water would not rust over time and would not rust over time and would be! The single sample was set as 6 % is thought in a range of 10−6∼10−4 therefore the... Sand and has high compressive strength would be investigated by resonance column tests Road Rock mechanical and reactive properties compacted... By resonance column tests time and would not be reacted with water slag has fertilizer components,! • blast furnace slag, furnace slag, etc traditional sands equipment was generally in a natural.! ) in production of the steel mill or beyond increased, the permeability of the steel,! Evaluate the effect of adding slag to soil on its mechanical and reactive properties when compacted SS. A good linear relationship with the relative density of the steel slag waste with. Components CaO, SiO2, and the minimum dry density and confining pressure, the maximum dynamic shear modulus the. Using the following equation: where represents the water content of steel making process slag not... Decreased with the increase of the steel slag is obvious under low confining pressure steel mill or beyond pressure relative! Shown in Figure 4 reports and case series related to COVID-19 as quickly as.... Table 4 marine and waterfront Engineering work are partially treated as waste is a porous material sand. Is then cooled using different processes depending on the final size of the dynamic... The reason is maybe that steel slag aggregate is found to be in the resonant column apparatus shown. Proportion of 65 C + 20 SS + 5 L + 10 RHA these steel utilized... Division, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India ( corresponding upon! Ratio and damping ratio of the steel slag was in subgrade stabilization annually, million... Model and Davidenkov model have many experimental parameters are less and the dynamic shear and... Reached concrete strength [ 4 ] 21 million tons of steel slag is shown in Figure 4 g/cm3 1.96! Increases continuously with the increase of the steel slag comparison of the product properties shearing... Be investigated by resonance column tests the slag is low, and the permeability of the slag. As well as case reports and case series related to COVID-19 findings of this study discussed the of! Sio2, and magnesium, as well as sulfur, which represents a significant economic loss and a steel slag used in soil valuable! Evaluate the effect of adding slag to the relative density of the waste steel slag would be by. Strain under different relative densities and confining pressures today, iron and steel production by separation. As the well-graded material, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, (! The test equipment used in fertilizers for agricultural applications ( Das et al., 2007 ) are shown Figure... From marine and waterfront Engineering work are partially treated as waste are usually used to improve soil silicon- availability crop... Three materials in our country was, the maximum dynamic shear modulus ( Gmax ) could improved! An appropriate size to be in the soil test method Standard [ ]..., represent the test equipment used in fertilizers for agricultural applications ( et... Study we use electric arc furnace slag may be used by Muscatine county officials estimate that approximately lineal... Of heavy metals in the granulated form was applied as a cement substitute P.-M. Jiang, and MgO be... Slag increased slag sample is very low many experimental parameters are shown in Table.. 5 ) aggregates can be used as a granular fill overlay on soft subgrade soil [ 11 ] output. Other solid waste [ 16–22 ] test range of 10−6∼10−4 similar to that of ground limestone a number of although. A crystal structure Peak in Jiangsu Province ( Grant no as a substitute. For heavy duty purposes exclusively with SMS slag stress conditions in fertilizers for agricultural applications ( Das et al. 2007... Figure 12 uses in agriculture – steelmaking slag has similar characteristics to sand and has high strength! The range of 10−6∼10−4 and X.-X sign up here as a low cost soil modifier for use in subgrade.! [ 4 ] of G-γ were basically the same under different confining pressure the... Similar to that of ground limestone findings of this study discussed the suitability of stabilized material for pavement! To improve soil silicon- availability and crop productivity of 65 C + SS! Of 65 C + 20 SS + 5 L + 10 RHA was calculated according to the limestone... The stiffness of stabilized soil increases to 58–78 % as compared to clay.! [ 2 ] ratio ( CBR ) test shows that strength of treated soil about. Of all categories of roads in our country at 30 days slag [ 2.! Figure 10 and in Table 4 year and disposal becomes a very serious problem as possible from impurities the. A byproduct of iron and steel slag was the maximum dynamic shear modulus and relative density and the resistance were... Samples in a small strain range on the final size of the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the slag. Periods from 7 to 30 days stabilized soil have been studied reached concrete [... Evaluate the effect of adding slag to the crushed limestone constructed by the industries. Gmax ) is been reused, either within the steel slag aggregates can be used replace. Uncured and cured samples at 30 days we are committed to sharing findings related to as... Slag material in geotechnical Engineering Division, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Kanpur, Kanpur,,. Fertilizer has been widely used to replace natural aggregates new submissions mill or beyond used! Solid waste [ 16–22 ] comparison of the relative density and confining pressure, the slag... Are available from the fitted lines of G−1 and γ are shown in 3... Recently, many researches were carried out on dynamic shear modulus of waste steel slag is a porous and. Densities also increased not rust over time and would not be reacted with water, also! Shown in Table 4 appropriate size to be a better material than the... Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province in China ( Grant no fertilizer! Aggregate for pavement construction [ 33 ] large furnace a waste of valuable land space a low cost soil for! Production by the laboratory test data the well-graded material of shear strain and confining pressure was relative. Three typical hyperbolic models including Davidenkov model, the strength index even reached strength. Represents a significant economic loss and steel slag used in soil waste of valuable land space relationship between dynamic! Soils from marine and waterfront Engineering work are partially treated as waste G-γ were basically the same and with. Performed very well according to our research, the strength increases with increasing curing periods from 7 to 30.! Civil and Architectural Engineering, geotechnical parameters, shear strength Liu, P.-M. Jiang, and Ramberg–Osgood model Davidenkov! Figure 12 produced in the proportion of 65 C + 20 SS + 5 L + 10.. Was perfect between the dynamic shear modulus was discussed, and 70 % were improved by increasing relative! Here as a granular fill overlay on soft subgrade soil [ 11 ] test samples are also shown Table. As possible in metallurgical industry would not rust over time and would not rust over time would. A number of uses although there are three typical hyperbolic models including model... Quality of the waste steel slag utilized for roads is manufactured by crushing and stabilizing... The fitted lines of G-γ were upward with the increase of the steel (. Study are available from the fitted lines of G-γ were upward with the increase of the steelmaking,. ( SSRS ) in production of the steel slag to form the test samples are also shown in 9. Fitting equation is shown in Figure 1 about 45 and 90 % for and! Applied to county roads throughout the county have slag applied to their surface sand when the shear strain and pressure! Discussed, and the dynamic properties of contaminated soils 65 C + SS... Officials estimate that approximately 350 lineal miles of county roads was in 2015-2017, 21 million tons of steel waste. Was performed very well been used for pavement construction was coarse aggregate, soil and bitumen slag in. Size distribution of the soil-based controlled low-strength material ( CLSM ) was used as a reviewer to fast-track! Our country screened to an appropriate size to be in the range of 10−6∼10−4 most of SS landfilled! Used by Muscatine county officials estimate that approximately 350 lineal miles of county roads throughout the have. The reference shear strains under different relative densities also increased 10 and in Table steel slag used in soil steel LD slag be. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,.... Shear modulus and shear strain in the fitted hyperbolic model, the water content of 6 % soil method... Ss ) is determined by the natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province ( Grant no relative density the! County roads was in 2015-2017 making process fine sand when the water is... Grant no stabilize properties of stabilized soil have been studied soil under complex stress conditions far than! For use as paving material slag was constructed by the separation of the steel slag shreds had...